Yamada et al., proposed an interactive, full-color holographic video system with finger-gesture input 21. They calculated CGHs using a 3D fast Fourier transform (FFT) based algorithm and succeeded in projecting 360 \(^\circ \) viewable 3D video at 10 Hz using a GPU with mouse and keyboard interactions 20. proposed a 3D holographic-display system with a digital micromirror device (DMD) and rotating mirrors. On the other hand, many research topics aimed at improving the performance of holographic displays-e.g., enlarging the viewing angle 16, 17, projecting full-color images 18, 19, or implementing interactions on the display system 20, 21-are active domains of research, because holographic displays are expected to be effective visual interfaces. However, to achieve practical computing speeds, high-performance computers–such as graphics processing units (GPUs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)–are still required. ![]() With the evolution of both hardware and algorithms, the required computational complexity has been greatly reduced, and computational speed has been improved dramatically compared to the early days of this area of research. Consequently, there have been many studies of fast CGH calculation methods, such as look-up table (LUT)-based 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, sparsity-based 6, 7, 8, polygon-based 9, 10, 11, 12, and hardware-based 13, 14, 15 approaches. However, the enormous calculation requirements for producing computer-generated holograms (CGHs), which are displayed on an SLM to modulate the incident light, are a significant problem for practical applications (e.g., for an interactive 3D display for a car navigation system). Numerical and optical experiments using a dataset of handwritten inputs show that the proposed system is capable of reproducing handwritten 3D images in real time with sufficient interactivity and image quality.Įlectro-holography is a very promising technology for three-dimensional (3D) display systems, because it is possible to reproduce fully the light reflected from an object using a spatial light modulator (SLM). In this system, we used an SLM with 1,920 \(\times \) 1,080 pixels and a pixel pitch of 8 μm × 8 μm, a drawing tablet as an interface, and an Intel Core i9–9900K 3.60 GHz CPU. The proposed system integrates an efficient and fast CGH computation algorithm for line-drawn 3D objects with inter-frame differencing, so that the trajectory of a line-drawn object that is handwritten on a drawing tablet can be played back interactively using only the CPU. Here, we demonstrate an interactive 3D display system using electro-holography that can operate with a consumer’s CPU. However, the enormous computational requirements for calculating computer-generated holograms (CGHs)-which are displayed on an SLM as a diffraction pattern-are a significant problem for practical uses (e.g., for interactive 3D displays for remote navigation systems). ![]() Holography is a promising technology for photo-realistic three-dimensional (3D) displays because of its ability to replay the light reflected from an object using a spatial light modulator (SLM).
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